Hardness h is the resistance of a mineral to scratching. The student will identify properties of minerals and be able to identify certain minerals using specific tests. Identifying minerals using hardness and density by rachel dolbier revised by rachel micander, nevada bureau of mines and geology 2017 key concept. What can you infer about graphite from the fact that you can scratch it with just your fingernail. Hardness testing metallurgical engineering services. Minerals, rocks, and soils science study guide 3rd grade vocabulary. This is why many gems and stones have a range of hardness, it depends on the specimen. Minerals quiz study guide eastern local school district. Mohs was particularly interested in studying the physical properties of minerals instead of their chemical composition, as was customary in the study of mineralogy at the time. Density and hardness are two of several physical mineral properties that are easily investigated and can be used to identify minerals. Below is an 8thgrade honors quiz over mineral characteristics and identification in the format of multiple choice and extended response. The repeating pattern of a minerals particles in a solid is known as a.
Scientists use a scale of 110 to show the hardness of a mineral. Rocks are classified based on physical properties, minerals are not. Mohs hardness kit, containing one specimen of each mineral on the tenpoint hardness scale the mohs scale of mineral hardness m o. Mohs hardness scale lab lancaster high school hayhurst page 2 materials for this experiment you will need. Which number does the following mineral correspond to on mohs scale of hardness corundum. For example, you could try to scratch the surface with the point on a crystal of quartz hardness of 9, the tip of a steel file hardness about 7, the point of a piece of glass about 6, the edge of a penny 3. Hardness gypsum fluorite orthoclase 1 23 4 hardness of minerals i. Name 2 objects that will scratch fluorite piece of copper or fingernail 6. Mohs scale hardness mineral hardness mineral 1 talc 6 feldspar 2 gypsum 7 quartz. Hardness scale is frequently used for determination of mineral hardness figure 32. Rather, it is a method of gauging the relative hardness of a mineral. Curriculum materialsfor your content standards 33 milford drive, suite 1, hudson, oh 44236 330 6569008. Mohs scale of mineral hardness university of arkansas.
The student will sort minerals by shape and color using a magnifying glass. Mineral id lab hardness derry area school district. Can you pick the mohs hardness scale for minerals while avoiding the decoys. The scale is not a linear scale, but somewhat arbitrary. Measuring water hardness to test water softener water conditioner operation using. Select a fresh, clean surface on the specimen to be tested. One the mohs scale of relative hardness, a diamond is rated as 10. Only a mineral that is the same hardness grade can scratch the mineral. Name minerals quiz 2020 1color and type of luster 2streak and hardness 3composition and atomic arrangement 4density and magnetism 1. Water is a great solvent for calcium and magnesium, so if the minerals are present in the soil around a watersupply well, hard water may be delivered to homes. Dec 06, 2018 the mohs hardness scale was created by and named for german geologist friedrich mohs.
The mohs hardness scale skills practiced information recall answer these questions to make sure that you remember all of the important facts about the characteristics and types of minerals. Looking for grainger approved mohs scale of hardness of minerals 5dpd4. Grade 3 rocks and minerals earth sciences quiz quizizz. Hardness testing of metals, composites and minerals is the resistance to indentation, introduced by diamond or tungsten ball, and it is determined by measuring the permanent depth of the indentation.
Minerals are classified on the basis of their chemical composition, which is expressed in their physical properties. This module, the second in a series on minerals, describes the physical properties that are commonly used to identify minerals. The mohs hardness scale is the main scale to measure mineral hardness. Mohs hardness is a relative measure of abrasivity or abrasion resistance of a mineral. Crystal habits, or shapes, in minerals can either be formed in euhedral or nongeometrical patterns. Give it a try and see what you understand about the minerals around us. The hardness test is a fast and cost effective method for determining the condition of a material following heat treatment, ease of machining, or. Focuscurriculum rocks and minerals c alif a c o r ni as c o nt e a d e mi c nt st a n c o v e r d a r d s e d r e p r o d u ci bl st u d e nt e b o o k r e p r o d u ci bl e e n g i s hl a n g u a g e. List the 5 characteristics that have to be present in order for an object to be a mineral. Use the results from the scratch tests to help with the order. Each mineral in the scale scratches the one below it the lower number but not the one. The student will describe the differences between minerals and rocks.
Ceramic plate for streak and hardness test glass plate for hardness test acid bottle for fizz test magnet for magnetic test mineral hardness hardness is the ability to scratch another mineral or material. Talc is the softest mineral and diamond is the hardness. Created in 1812 by german geologist and mineralogist friedrich mohs, it is one of several definitions of hardness in materials science, some of which are more quantitative. How to measure the hardness water water mineral content. The degree of hardness is determined by observing the comparative ease or difficulty with which one mineral is scratched by another or by a steel tool. The repeating pattern of a mineral s particles in a solid is known as. Try to scratch this surface with the point of an object of known hardness, by pressing it firmly into and across your test specimen. The mohs hardness scale is based 10 reference minerals, from talc the softest mohs hardness of 1, to diamond the hardest mohs hardness of 10.
It is difficult to distinguish between the hardness of a mineral and the ease with which a mineral may be broken. In 1822 the austrian mineralogist friedrich mohs devised a scale based on one mineral s ability to scratch another. The scale used to test hardness of minerals for identification is. Determination of water hardness using a titrator quiz. This test compares the resistance of a mineral to being scratched by ten reference minerals known as the mohs hardness scale see table at left.
Minerals are naturally occurring substances, with a definite chemical composition and ordered internal structure that is found beneath the earths surface. However, some hard minerals, like diamond and quartz, break easily if dropped. Slight variations in the hardness of different varieties of the same species are also found. On the chart below minerals with a higher number can scratch all minerals with a lower number.
Hardness mineral associations and uses 1 talc talcum powder. Minerals are a mixture of things while rocks are not. This quiz has been designed to test your knowledge about the properties and characteristics of minerals. Remind them to put any scratched minerals back in the tray. We use this test to measure the hardness of a mineral. Common rockforming minerals there are almost 3000 types of minerals, but only 8 of these minerals make up 90% of the rocks of earths crust. Rock hardness testing and mineral identification worksheets. The way a mineral reflects light is described as the mineral s 1 fracture 3 luster 2 hardness 4 streak. These include color, crystal form, hardness, density, luster, and cleavage. Arrange your minerals in order of hardness as in mohs scale. The hardness of a mineral is a good tool for helping to identify it. Water is an excellent solvent and readily dissolves minerals it comes in contact with. You can also use other physical properties of an unknown mineral specimen such as color, luster, streak, and specific gravity to help.
Remember that glass can be almost any color, including black, so dont be fooled by the color. Definition and types of water hardness notes pdf ppt 15022017 dhirendra yadav 0 comments permanent hardness of water. Which of the following is a chemical property of a mineral. Harder minerals will have better scrub resistance and better burnish resistance. Minerals are classified based on origin, rocks are not. The mohs hardness scale was developed in 1812 and is, to this day, the most commonly used hardness test in the natural sciences, although more quantitative hardness scales exist. The physical properties of minerals are identified by their colour, streak, hardness, tenacity, odour and crystalline structure. Crystals found in minerals and have a regular geometric shape geologists scientist who study rocks and minerals to help us learn about the formation of the earth granite rock composed of the minerals. Make a scale of mineral hardness for objects found at home. Many experienced rock collectors carry a hardness testing kit on their rockhunting. This scale runs from 1 at the softest to 10 at the hardest, and any mineral. Jun 23, 2019 in our everyday life, we use products which are made of minerals.
Mineral occur in nature and have definite chemical compositions and physical properties. Minerals, rocks, and soils science study guide 3rd grade. Mar 28, 2019 a comprehensive database of more than 23 mineral quizzes online, test your knowledge with mineral quiz questions. Mohs hardness scale lab millersburg area school district. Mohs scale of mineral hardness in 1812 the mohs scale of mineral hardness was devised by the german mineralogist frederich mohs 17731839, who selected the ten minerals because they were common or readily available. Objectives students will know that minerals are identified by using different properties such as color, luster, streak, cleavage, and hardness. Table 2 lists the minerals in mohs scale of hardness from 1 softest to 10 hardest. Doing it both ways will often give a clearer indication of the. The student will record observations on charts with existing column headings. The minerals contained in the scale are shown in the table. Apr 23, 2016 can you pick the mohs hardness scale for minerals while avoiding the decoys.
View test prep determination of water hardness using a titrator quiz. One such test is the vickers scale, which measures a materials resistance to a force applied by a known mass. Answer the following questions to help you study for you quiz. Complete the mohs mineral hardness scale below by drawing and coloring pictures of each of the 10 minerals 1 color in each pic is ok in the boxes provided. Identifying rocks and minerals using the mohs hardness test. Hardness refers to the ability to scratch the mineral s surface. Quartz, mica, and feldspar hardness how resistant a mineral is to being scratched. One of the most important tests for identifying mineral specimens is the mohs hardness test.
Grainger approved mohs scale of hardness of minerals. In order to be classified as a mineral, a substance must have all five of these characteristics. Hardness is a property that helps identify minerals. Properties of minerals earth science quiz visionlearning. The mohs scale of hardness consists of 10 minerals varying in hardness from 1 through 10, with talc 1 the softest and diamond. Erosion the movement of weathered rock and soil hardness the measure of how difficult it is for a mineral to be scratched. Mohs scale used by geologists to classify a given mineral s hardness rock earth materials made up of different kinds of minerals scratch test used to determine the hardness of a mineral. What is water hardness and various types of water hardness. Our online mineral trivia quizzes can be adapted to suit your requirements for taking some of the top mineral quizzes. Igneous rock rock that was once melted and then cooled and hardened. Ask students to try scratching the remaining minerals with a penny, look up each mineral s hardness on the scale, and record results.
He placed 10 minerals in order from softest to hardest, giving a relative hardness value of 1 to the softest mineral, and 10 to the hardest. Mineral properties revised on 8272012 page 3 of vitreous lusteris like that of glass, shiny and translucent to transparent. Hardness in order to use this scale, you must have some objects that you know the hardness of. Students are able to describe the color, luster, and cleavage of a mineral. The mohs hardness scale was developed in 1812 and is, to this day, the most. Looking at more than one property is important when identifying minerals.
It is a property by which minerals may be described relative to a standard scale of 10 minerals known as the mohs scale of hardness. Table 1 shows the composition, hardness, and average density of four minerals often used as gemstones. To test for hardness with any of these items, two approaches may be used. Italicized items are common items used to test hardness. Hardness scale is talc is 1, gypsum is 2, calcite is 3, fluorite is 4, apatite is 5, orthoclase feldspar is 6, quartz is 7, topaz is 8, corundum is 9 and diamond is 10. Some common objects can also be placed on mohs scale and thus used to determine the hardness of minerals. Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic solids that have a definite composition and crystal structure. Name 2 minerals that will scratch topaz corundum and diamond 4. Hardness the minerals resistance to being scratched. Mohs hardness scale mineral hardness common object talc 1 gypsum 2 fingernail calcite 3 piece of copper fluorite 4 iron nail apatite 5 glass feldspar 6 steel file quartz 7 streak plate topaz 8 scratches quartz corundum 9 scratches topaz diamond 10 scratches all common materials 1.
List the number you determine for hardness in the hardness column on the data table. Show how to use the scale by finding the relative hardness of three samples. As water moves through soil and rock, it dissolves very small amounts of minerals and holds them. This quiz worksheet combination will test your knowledge of these. If a mineral cannot be scratched by a knife blade but can be scratched by quartz then its hardness is between 5 and 7 stated as 57 on mohs scale. Water systems using groundwater as a source are concerned with water hardness, since as water moves through soil and rock it dissolves small amounts of naturallyoccurring minerals and carries them into the groundwater supply. Until this day, this scale has been a valuable tool in identifying minerals since 1812. To give numerical values to this physical property, minerals are ranked along the mohs scale, which is composed of 10 minerals that have been given arbitrary hardness values.